Mathematical helper methods
template < typename T > const T & bound( const T & low, const T & x, const T & high )
template < typename T > T square( const T & x )
inline double sign( const double & x )
inline double round( const double & value, const double & prec )
inline int quadratic_formula( const double & a, const double & b, const double & c, double * sol1, double * sol2 )
inline double calc_sum_geom_series( const double & first_term, const double & r, const int len )
inline double calc_sum_inf_geom_series( const double & first_term, const double & r )